Battery-Driven Cars

versus

Petrol Engine Cars

INTRODUCTION

A comparison of a Citröen Saxo 1,4i SX (98 model) and a Citröen Saxo electrique (98 model). We investigate their pollution in the cases of noise and emision, and how this emission effects the environment and human beings.

Citröen Saxo 1,4i SX is a small family car. It’s 1,390m high, 1,595m wide and 3,718m long. It weighs (without driver) 850 kg. The Saxos 1,4 litre motor has got an effect of 55 kW which is about 75 HK. The Saxo has got a 5 gear transmission. It runs approximately 14,1 km/l, and is equipped with a katalysator. It has got a maximum speed of 175 km/h, and an acceleration of 11,2 sec. from 0 too 100 km/h.

Citröen Saxo electrique has got the same carossery as the Saxo 1,4i SX and is runned by 20 nickel/cadmium batteries of 6v each. It weighs (with batteries) 1075 kg. The batteries are charged at 230v-16A. It lasts at most 8 hours to recharge the batteries completely, and the car runs 75 km in city traffic on one recharge. The electric car has only got two gears one forward and one back. The Saxo electrique has got a top speed of 91 km/h.

A Citröen Saxo electricque which goes on electricity, which has been produced at Vestkraft in Esbjerg. Vestkraft in Esbjerg stated following:

Per 230 MW produced electricity discharged 250 m³ smoke per second. This smoke contains per m³ :

301 mg SO₂

577 mg NO_X

1,2 mg Particles

33 mg CO

The Saxos effect can be calculated by following formula:

P = U • I Þ

P = 230V • 16A Û

P = 3680 W

The Saxo uses, for a total recharging:

E = P • h Þ

E = 3680W • 8h Û

E = 29440 Wh

The conditions between the consumption of the electric car and the energy the energy the power plant produces:

29440 kWh .

230000 kW • 8h = 0,000016

The pollution at 1 km driving (in city), is calculated in this way:

Discharged smoke from the power plant per second recharging:

250 m³/s • 0,000016 = 0,004 m³/h

Discharged smoke per hour:

0,004 m³/s • 3600 = 14,4 m³/h

Discharged smoke per recharge:

14,4 m³/h • 8h = 115,2 m³

Discharged substances per recharge:

SO₂ = 115,2 m³ • 301 mg/m³ = 34675,2 mg

NO_X = 115,2 m³ • 577 mg/m³ = 66470,4 mg

CO = 115,2 m³ • 33 mg/m³ = 138024 mg

Particles = 115,2 m³ • 1,2 mg/m³ = 138,24 mg

Discharged substances per driven km:

SO₂ = 34675,2 mg / 75 km = 462,336 mg/km

NO_X = 66470,4 mg / 75 km = 886,272 mg/km

CO = 3801,6 mg / 75 km = 50,688 mg/km

Particles = 138,24 mg / 75 km = 1,8432 mg/km

A Citröen Saxo 1,4i SX discharge per km:

CO = 1118 mg/km

HC + NO_X = 257 mg/km

Testing the Citroën

CO or carbonmonoxide is a colour- and scentless very poissonness gas. It is made during incomplete combustion fx. in an engine. CO binds with the oxygen in the air and makes CO₂ , CO₂ is an important factor in the global warming. Apart from that the CO binds with the haemoglobin in the blood and prevents hereby the oxygen from binding with the haemoglobin, this will make you suffocate.

NO_X is a generic term for nitrate-combinations, in which it x is either the number 1, 2 or 3. NO_X is toxic to breathe, when it combines with water it makes nitric acid which is corrosive.

SO₂ is toxic to breathe. SO₂ binds with water and makes sulphuric acid which adds to

Particles gets into the lungs and can cause breathing problems.

Cadmium, which is in the batteries of the electrical car, is a heavy metal, which is hard to get rid of. It takes calcium’s place in human bones.

Nickel, which is also in the battery of the electrical car, will give you nickelallergies.

Both cadmium and nickel are capsuled and constantly reused, and there is no big danger it will get out.

Driving strategies and economy

The electrical car seems right off, to be very environment friendly, but the comparison shows that this isn’t quite reality. The electrical car indirectly puts four times as much NO_X as the gas-car, but 20 times less CO. All more acid making gasses, but less effects on the ozonlayer.

The pollution from an electric car assent higher up (from the power plant) and hereby spread over a larger area. The emission from the gas-car on the other hand is send out where the cars are (in the city).

The electrical car makes no noise pollution, it is equipped with a bip-sound, which is activated by pushing a button inside the car , it warns pedestrians and people riding bikes. The noise pollution from a gas-car on the other hand is big.

The electrical car probably won’t revolutionise the carindustry in ways of pollution. On less the car runs on power made from either water, wind or solarenergy.

Future technology

We got information from:

A rapport from the Citröen headquarter in Copenhagen, DK. (Automobiles Citröen; Reception communautaire

Technical description

Battery-Driven Cars versus Petrol Engine Cars

presented by

Lars Andersen. Roald Amundsens Vej 31, 6715 Esbjerg N.

Carina Heiberg. Skoletoften 46, 6710 Esbjerg V.

Anne Sofie Jepsen. Briksbølvej 30, 6705 Esbjerg Ø.

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